The severity of the impacts of extreme and non-extreme weather and climate events depends strongly on the level of vulnerability and exposure to these events (high confidence). [2.2.1, 2.3, 2.5] Trends in vulnerability and exposure are major drivers of changes in disaster risk, and of impacts when risk is realized (high confidence). [2.5] Understanding the multi-faceted nature of vulnerability …
Increasing global interconnectivity, population, and economic growth, and the mutual interdependence of economic and ecological systems, can serve both to reduce vulnerability and to amplify disaster risks (high confidence). Global development pathways are becoming a more important factor in the management of vulnerability and disaster risk. [7.2.1]
‘“The joy of working harmoniously with small groups of people who are dedicated to something bigger than themselves, and are completely loyal to each other, counts in my experience as one of the most rewarding things in life,” a senior manager told me. Most of us would agree with him.’
Within the study we focused on an analysis of any dependence that may connect some emerging countries aiming mainly to emphasize the intensity of correlations between different financial markets. For this purpose we took into consideration two emerging markets, i.e. Romania and Turkey, due to the fact that they are two countries with common history which goes back long time, with similar approa…
Advertising and promotional expenditures have become significant in the marketing of many products. In 1966 about 16 billion dollars was spend on advertising alone. This expenditure is made because advertising has a vital communication function to play in marketing as part of the overall communication mix the firm utilizes to inform and convince customers of the desirability of its product…
“Negotiating Success is an inspiring book whose time has come. While hard skills are critical in negotiations, soft skills make up the essential ingredients that support mutually agreeable gains. Jim’s blend of the two shows how to make the negotiating process human again. His approach on supporting the other in getting what they want invokes reciprocal behavior. This book shows that co…
Healthcare decision makers in search of the best evidence to inform clinical decisions have come to rely on systematic reviews (SRs) of comparative effectiveness research (CER) to learn what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of alternative drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. An SR is a scientific investigation that focuses on a specific question and uses e…
Clinicians can no longer stay abreast of the rapidly expand- ing knowledge bases related to health. The number of random- ized controlled trials published in MEDLINE (a medical literature database) grew from 5,000 per year in 1978–1985 to 25,000 per year in 1994–2001. Furthermore, contentions that much of the literature may be biased and not applicable to important subsets of target populat…
As attention is increasingly devoted to U.S. society’s needs for access to health care and health care delivery, one change that requires immediate attention concerns the many aspects of care that are migrating out of formal medical facilities and into the home. Although the costs of care are one driver of this change, there is also recognition that health care delivered at home is valued by …
The number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the United States is growing each year largely due both to advances in treatment that allow HIV-infected individuals to live longer and healthier lives and to a steady number of new HIV infections each year. The U.S. Centers for Dis- ease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there were 1.2 million people living with HIV infection in th…
In 2009, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a committee to examine three topics in relation to public health: measurement, the law, and funding. The committee’s complete three-part charge is provided in Box P-1. The IOM Committee on Public Health Strategies to Improve Health explored the topics in the context of contemporary opportunities and c…
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report To Err Is Human estimated that 44,000-98,000 lives are lost every year due to medical errors in hospitals and led to the widespread recognition that health care is not safe enough, catalyzing a revolution to improve the quality of care.1 Despite considerable effort, patient safety has not yet improved to the degree hoped for in the IOM report Crossing the …
The Miracle of Mindfulness was originally written in Vietnamese as a long letter to Brother Quang, a main staff member of the School of Youth for So- cial Service in South Vietnam in 1974. Its author, the Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh, had founded the School in the 1960s as an outgrowth of "engaged Buddhism." It drew young people deeply commi…
There has been discussion of proposals to engage in the collection of traffic flow measurement information for monitoring and to support charging and accounting
Strategic management, popularized during the 1980s, is a term that covers enterprise – wide strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. The subject of strategic management has become integral to the success or failure of organizations, especially now when the business environment demands rapid monitoring, analysis and accurate interpretation.
Despite being introduced into the literature as a potentially exciting development over 20 years ago, there is still little or no agreement about what constitutes strategic management accounting (SMA). The term itself is open to a number of interpretations, something that is reflected in the varied nature of the research associated with it. In our view, however, SMA is best understood as a g…
Because every IT risk creates some degree of business risk, it is important that CAEs thoroughly understand IT change and patch management issues. IT change and patch management can be defined as the set of processes executed within the organization’s IT depart- ment designed to manage the enhancements, updates, incremental fixes, and patches to production systems, which include: • Applic…
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has been defined as the discipline by which an organization in any industry assesses, controls, exploits, finances and monitors risks from all sources for the purpose of increasing the organization’s short- and long-term value to its stakeholders. by the Casualty Actuarial Society (2003) and adopted by the Society of Actuaries (2005). Enterprise Risk Mana…
These Guidelines cover the main aspects of devising a policy on the use of derivative. It is based very closely on the „Supervisory Standard on the use Derivatives by Insurance Companies‟ as issued by the International Association of Insurance Supervisors. The implementation of the Guidelines needs to be tailored to the particular circumstances of individual companies. For example, the Cen…