We have frequently referred to the routing algorithm as the network layer protocol that guides packets through the communication subnet to their correct destination. The times at which routing decisions are made depend on whether the network uses datagrams or virtual circuits. In a datagram network, two successive packets of the same user pair may travel along different routes, and a routing de…
Fraud is an activity that takes place in a social setting and has severe conse- quences for the economy, corporations, and individuals. It is an opportunis- tic infection that bursts forth when greed meets the possibility of deception. The fraud investigator is like the attending physician looking and listening for the signs and symptoms that reveal an outbreak. The Association of Certified Fra…
Not-for-profit organizations are among the most influential and powerful institutions in our society. They range in size from small and local to large and national—or even international. Their scope incorporates a wide range of activity: health and welfare, research, education, religion, social, and professional associations. They include foundations, membership societies, churches, hospitals…
Organizations capture and process data for a variety of reasons. Accounting data are used to measure the financial health and vitality of the enterprise: It is useful to internal corporate management in keeping track of how the firm is performing; it is useful to people outside the firm, such as investors interested in the firm's stock and bankers to whom the firm has applied for a loan. Rec…
When I first became interested in research into one particular form of African oral literature in 1961, I found to my surprise that there was no easily accessible work to which I could turn to give me some idea of what was known in this field, the various publications available, or the controversies and problems that demanded further investigation. In fact, I gradually discovered, there was an …
Flexibility is the hallmark of mental and emotional health. The goal of this book is to enhance the flexibility of your thinking, attending, and acting. You’ll learn to shift more easily out of your anxiety and avoidance and into more-reasonable and less-anxiety-evoking thoughts and attitudes so that you can see things as they really are. You’ll also learn to shift your attention by unhook…
Participation in social networking sites has dramatically in- creased in recent years. Services such as Friendster, Tribe, or the Facebook allow millions of individuals to create online profiles and share personal information with vast networks of friends - and, often, unknown numbers of strangers. In this paper we study patterns of information revelation in online social networks and their pr…
Questions have been raised about the social impact of widespread use of social networking sites (SNS) like Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace, and Twitter. Do these technologies isolate people and truncate their relationships? Or are there benefits associated with being connected to others in this way? The Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project decided to examine SNS in a survey that…
The ability to send and retrieve information over the Web using traditional and ubiquitous computing methods has changed the way we work and live. Web portals, as content aggregates, act as gateways to pertinent and up- to-date information. Social networking portals are a recent development, allow- ing a user to create and maintain a network of close friends or business associ- ates for social …
This study examines if Facebook, one of the most popular social network sites among college students in the U.S., is related to attitudes and behaviors that enhance individuals’ social capital. Using data from a random web survey of college students across Texas (n = 2,603), we find positive relationships between intensity of Facebook use and students’ life satisfaction, social trust, civi…
This book is about using Open Source on a Microsoft® Windows® operating system. Whether you’re an administrator managing a computer network or a power user running a small home/office network, this book is for you. The material presented is entirely based on Open Source software and how it can be used to solve specific problems on the Windows platform. For many people, Open Source is associ…
The American sense of liberty and individual rights springs from the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights. These documents provide the guidelines for all federal, state, and local laws; they guarantee that the United States will remain a nation governed by the rule of law. They also balance society’s need to achieve social control, order, and safety against the individual’s right to l…
Social networking sites have been rapidly adopted by children and, especially, teenagers and young people world wide, enabling new opportunities for the presentation of the self, learning, construction of a wide circle of relationships, and the management of privacy and intimacy. On the other hand, there are also concerns that social networking increases the likelihood of new risks to the self,…
In this book, we study random graphs as models for real-world networks. Since 1999, many real-world networks have been investigated. These networks turned out to have rather different properties than classical random graph models, for example in the number of connections the elements in the network make. As a result, a wealth of new models was invented to capture these properties. This book su…
Internet use and social networking by young people is the first of a series of short reports that provide detailed analysis of particular topics from a major piece of community research commissioned by the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA).
Ethernet has been the dominant technology for local area networks (LANs) for many years. With the introduction of circuit concept over Ethernet by the IEEE and MEF specifications, Ethernet is becoming a key technology for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) and Wide Area Networks (WANs). This book makes an attempt to describe various aspects of data networks and services based on carrier Etherne…
Networks are groups of computers that communicate by either cable or wireless transmissions. By the use of computer networking, we can share data with others. Today, all businesses, small or large use some type of computers and most use computer networking to handle their daily business operations such as bookkeeping, inventory tracking, document storing, and e-mail. Networks are growing in siz…
The 2005 World Summit recognized the responsibility to protect. In one sense, this might be considered a normative revolution: a sign that the international human rights regime has reached a middle stage in a ‘lifecycle’ that has the potential to end in states’ internalization of the obligations of human rights protection (Finnemore and Sikkink 1998). In another sense, however, this was…
It has been a productive challenge to write an introductory book on contemporary readymade practices that would appeal to a broad and critical audience. Despite its accruing history and heavily validated art historical pedigree, the readymade can still be mystifying to art viewers. I wanted to write a book that would address this—not by simply rehashing its history with new little twists, but…