The severity of the impacts of extreme and non-extreme weather and climate events depends strongly on the level of vulnerability and exposure to these events (high confidence). [2.2.1, 2.3, 2.5] Trends in vulnerability and exposure are major drivers of changes in disaster risk, and of impacts when risk is realized (high confidence). [2.5] Understanding the multi-faceted nature of vulnerability …
This chapter introduces students to the different aspects of international marketing that will enable them to learn its various nuances with relative ease. Students will learn about the major differences between domestic and international marketing. The methods of scanning the business and competitive environment are discussed in this chapter. This will help students to plan marketing in a …
‘“The joy of working harmoniously with small groups of people who are dedicated to something bigger than themselves, and are completely loyal to each other, counts in my experience as one of the most rewarding things in life,” a senior manager told me. Most of us would agree with him.’
Clinicians can no longer stay abreast of the rapidly expand- ing knowledge bases related to health. The number of random- ized controlled trials published in MEDLINE (a medical literature database) grew from 5,000 per year in 1978–1985 to 25,000 per year in 1994–2001. Furthermore, contentions that much of the literature may be biased and not applicable to important subsets of target populat…
As attention is increasingly devoted to U.S. society’s needs for access to health care and health care delivery, one change that requires immediate attention concerns the many aspects of care that are migrating out of formal medical facilities and into the home. Although the costs of care are one driver of this change, there is also recognition that health care delivered at home is valued by …
The number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the United States is growing each year largely due both to advances in treatment that allow HIV-infected individuals to live longer and healthier lives and to a steady number of new HIV infections each year. The U.S. Centers for Dis- ease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there were 1.2 million people living with HIV infection in th…
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report To Err Is Human estimated that 44,000-98,000 lives are lost every year due to medical errors in hospitals and led to the widespread recognition that health care is not safe enough, catalyzing a revolution to improve the quality of care.1 Despite considerable effort, patient safety has not yet improved to the degree hoped for in the IOM report Crossing the …
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has been defined as the discipline by which an organization in any industry assesses, controls, exploits, finances and monitors risks from all sources for the purpose of increasing the organization’s short- and long-term value to its stakeholders. by the Casualty Actuarial Society (2003) and adopted by the Society of Actuaries (2005). Enterprise Risk Mana…
Credit risk management in banks has become more important not only because of the financial crisis that the world is experiencing nowadays but also the introduction of Basel II. Since granting credit is one of the main sources of income in commercial banks, the management of the risk related to that credit affects the profitability of the banks. In our study, we try to find out how the credit r…
Patients admitted to hospital are at risk of damage to kidney function, termed acute kidney injury (AKI), either from their illness or as a result of subsequent treatment. Kidney injury can lead to serious health issues and even death. It is essential that patients at risk, and those who develop kidney injury, are recognised early and treated effectively. However, the 2009 National Confidential…
The roots of OR can be traced back many decades, when early attempts were made to use a scientific approach in the management of organizations. However, the beginning of the activity called operations research has generally been attributed to the military services early in World War II. Because of the war effort, there was an urgent need to allocate scarce resources to the various military oper…
This workbook addresses the issues of Understanding Change in the Workplace. Should you wish to extend your study to other Super Series workbooks cov- ering related or different subject areas, you will find a comprehensive list at the back of this book.
Risk Management introduces, illustrates, and analyzes the many aspects of modern risk management in both financial institutions and nonbank corporations. It consolidates the entire field of risk management from policies to methodologies as well as data and technological infrastructure. It also covers investment, hedging, and management strategies. The shift to flexible exchange rates in the…
This workbook addresses the issues of Solving Problems. Should you wish to extend your study to other Super Series workbooks covering related or different subject areas, you will find a comprehensive list at the back of this book.
This article explores how top management teams can increase the robustness of their strategies by attending to important concepts emerging from the stakeholder literature. Analysis of three themes emanating from this literature leads to the development of a method composed of three techniques which elaborates how stakeholder management concepts can be applied in practice. The research, which sp…
In Chapter 8 we introduce multiple state models, which generalize the life– death contingency structure of previous chapters. Using multiple state models allows a single framework for a wide range of insurance, including benefits which depend on health status, on cause of death benefits, or on two or more lives. In Chapter 9 we apply the theory developed in the earlier chapters to proble…
This report on systems integration is the second in a series of Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) reports focusing on the competitive status of the U.S. computer industry. In CSTB's initial report, Keeping the U.S. Computer Industry Competitive: Defining the Agenda (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1990), leaders of the computing field surveyed each of the maj…
Several current global trends are causing cleaner production to grow in relevance and importance. Of especial significance are the inexorable rises in the price of energy and raw materials in the global marketplaces as well as the ever-increasing pressures being brought to bear by international buyers and investors alike looking for greater and greater efficiency along supp…