(NPOESS) will serve civilian and defense needs for timely environmental data. These data notably support weather forecasting and "nowcasting," but, if appropriately calibrated and archived, they could support the examination of global change as well. The Department of Defense and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are the principal agencies responsible for NPOESS, but the N…
The Raymond and Beverly Sackler U.S.-U.K. Scientific Forum “Cybersecurity Dilemmas: Technology, Policy, and Incentives” was held on December 8 and 9, 2014, at the Washington, D.C., headquarters of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. With support from the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) of the Academies, the forum was organized by a steering co…
This report is from a study of the federal government's capacity to recruit highly qualified individuals for the top science and technology (S&T)-related leadership positions in the executive branch. The effort was supported by the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government and by the National Research Council Fund of the Academies—National Academy of Sciences, National Academ…
The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) has a long history of ac- complishments, and through this study and other efforts is preparing to continue its successful record of providing water and hydroelectric power in the western United States. Successful accomplishment of Reclamation’s current mission in the twenty-first century—to manage, develop, and pro- tect water and related resources in…
he project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine This report has been reviewed by a group other than the author according to procedures ap- proved by a Report Review Committee consist…
he Committee on Analysis of Research Directions and Needs in U.S. Manufacturing was charged by the National Science Foundation (NSF) with (1) identifying and ranking manufacturing-related technologies and disciplines to produce a comprehensive national manufacturing research agenda, and (2) performing in-depth analyses of some of the technologies and disciplines identified in that agenda. Concl…
On May 23, 1989, the Computer Science and Technology Board sponsored a colloquium in Washington, D.C., on the competitiveness of computer-related industries. The colloquium attracted a standing-room-only group of invited executives, government officials, academic analysts, and journalists. Participants discussed the structure of computer-related industries, evolving patterns of competition in g…
The United States in cooperation with its allies has imposed controls since 1949 on exports to the Soviet bloc of commercial goods and information that would be of significant value to Warsaw Pact military systems. Since the late 1970s, there has been significantly increased concern in the United States about Soviet success in acquiring and applying this commercial Western technology, a concern…
A central new policy concern—international trade and competitiveness in advanced technology—is asserting itself in the United States and in each of its closest allies and trading partners. This concern is likely to remain in the forefront of American debates for many years because of its ongoing importance in questions of national security and national economic prosperity. In the United Sta…
Scientific and technological advances have had profound effects on human life. In the 19th century, most families could expect to lose one or more children to disease. Today, in the United States and other developed countries, the death of a child from disease is uncommon. Every day we rely on technologies made possible through the application of scientific knowledge and processes. The com-…
Interdisciplinary research (IDR) can be one of the most productive and inspiring of human pursuits—one that provides a format for conversations and connections that lead to new knowledge. As a mode of discovery and education, it has delivered much already and promises more— a sustainable environment, healthier and more prosperous lives, new dis- coveries and technologies to inspire young mi…
firming these clues would define Abbot's mission. To confirm Clayton's findings Abbot had to account for local variations due to seasonal weather conditions, and so he set about searching for widely spaced observing sites where air transparency was constant. High mountains in desert regions spread over the accessible parts of the Earth became his target, and again, following a well-worn Smithso…
In this report, the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP) provides its observations on the federal science and technology (FS&T) portion of the president’s fiscal year (FY) 1999 submission. The FS&T budget (see box) reflects the federal investment in the creation of new knowledge and technologies and excludes such activities as the testing and evaluating of new weapon…
This summary provides a narrative, rather than a chronological, overview of the presentations and the ensuing rich discussions that permeated the convocation. It brings together into individual chapter’s themes that were raised and recurred throughout the event. • Chapter 1, The Challenges Facing California, focuses on intro- ductory remarks that set the theme and the tone for the entire …
The Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP) has, for some time, been concerned with the many issues that surround the education and training of scientists and engineers in the United States. Its 1993 report, Science, Technology, and the Federal Government: National Goals for a New Era, emphasized the importance of human resources to the research enter- prise. A second rep…