As investments involve large resources both financial and human, wrong investment decisions are very expensive to correct and detrimental to the sustainability of institutions. Managers are responsible for comparing and evaluating alternative projects so as to allocate limited resources and maximize the firm’s wealth or shareholders value Basic techniques of making capital investment appra…
Every Scientific research should commence with the writing of a research proposal even if this is not officially required. It will focus your thought and give your research direction. Writing the research proposal is the most difficult but most important aspect of conducting the research. Often times, students who fail to prepare a good research proposal fail to produce quality resear…
Research philosophy classifications such as ontology, epistemology, and anxiology and their conflicting applications to the ‘quantitative-qualitative’ debates, are a major source of dilemma to research students in establishing their relevance to subjects areas and discipline. A number of studies have used different descriptions, categorisations and classifications of research paradigms and …
To quote the words of Jankowicz (2005, p. 161): “…the work that you do is not done in a vacuum, but builds on the ideas of other people who have studied the field before you. This requires you describe what has been published, and to marshal the information in a relevant and critical way” Whatever the objective(s) of a research may be, its significance is invariably judged in relati…
A public-finance approach yields several insights. Among the most important is the recognition that fiscal and monetary policies are linked through the government sector’s budget constraint. Variations in the inflation rate can have implications for the fiscal authority’s decisions about expenditures and taxes, and, conversely, decisions by the fiscal authority can have implications for mon…
The main purpose of this paper is to discuss supply and demand in the framework of system dynamics. We first review classical supply and demand. Then we look at how to model supply and demand using system dynamics. Finally, we present a few exercises that will improve understanding of supply and demand and help improve system dynamics modeling skills.
Two very different groups of people are always at work making decisions concerning spending, saving, and investment that affect each other. The income households earn is spent and saved: Y = C + S. Producers produce an equivalent value of goods and services in the form of consumption and investment: Y = C + I. By definition, C + I = C + S. But the I (investment) in this last equation is actu…
Abstract: This article is the second chapter of the second edition of "The Anatomy of Corporate Law: A Comparative and Functional Approach," by Reinier Kraakman, John Armour, Paul Davies, Luca Enriques, Henry Hansmann, Gerard Hertig, Klaus Hopt, Hideki Kanda and Edward Rock (Oxford University Press 2009). The book as a whole provides a functional analysis of corporate (or company) law in Europe…
Decision making is an essential part of planning. Decision making and problem solving are used in all management functions, although usually they are considered a part of the planning phase. This chapter presents information on decision making and how it relates to the first management function of planning. A discussion of the origins of management science leads into one on modeling, the fi…
Decision making is an essential part of planning. Decision making and problem solving are used in all management functions, although usually they are considered a part of the planning phase. This chapter presents information on decision making and how it relates to the first management function of planning. A discussion of the origins of management science leads into one on modeling, the fi…