Computer networking or data communications is a set of disciplines concerned with communication between computer systems or devices. It has its requirements and underlying principles. Since the first node of ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network, later renamed Internet) was established in 1969, the store-and-forward packet switching technologies formed the Internet architecture, whi…
introduces the common problems faced by developers who want to use parallelism to make their applications run faster. It explains basic concepts and prepares you for the remaining chapters. There is a table in the “Design Approaches” section of Chapter 1 that can help you select the right patterns for your application.
The growing Japanese role in high technology raises a number of questions for the United States. Some of these questions relate to the current status of the two countries, for example, in what industries do Japanese firms hold technologies more advanced than their U.S. rivals? Are there industries in which U.S. firms still lead but are under serious challenge by Japanese firms? Are there sector…
Clean energy is the flavor of the times. With a view to bringing the phrase closer to reality, I would prefer to refer to it in relative terms as Cleaner Energy. Investors have had divergent views of the sector: from being a genuine business opportunity, especially when attractive preferential tariffs are on offer, to a peripheral activity that helped “green wash” other business operations.…
Parallel programming truly redefines the programming model for multicore architecture, which has become commonplace. For this reason, parallel programming has been elevated to a core technology in the Microsoft .NET Framework 4. In this version of the .NET Framework, the Task Parallel Library (TPL) and the System.Threading.Tasks namespace contain the parallel programming implementation. Microso…
This book is a selected collection of my lecture notes on quantum optics for my PhD thesis students and for an introductory-level graduate course at the University of Maryland. My students and colleagues encouraged me to publish these lecture notes as a textbook or reference book that might be helpful in understanding the quantum theory of light from a relatively elementary, introductory lev…
Parallel programming can be defined as a model that aims to create programs that are compatible with environments prepared to execute code instructions simultaneously. It has not been too long since techniques of parallelism began to be used to develop software. Some years ago, processors had a single Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) among other components, which could only execute one instruction a…
Parallel machines provide a wonderful opportunity for applications with large computational requirements. Effective use of these machines, though, requires a keen understanding of how they work. This chapter provides an overview of both the software and hardware.
PayPal’s NVP API makes it simple to integrate PayPal payments into your specific web application. You, the merchant, construct an NVP string and post it via HTTPS (HTTP Secure, aka TLS/SSL) to the PayPal authorization server. PayPal posts back an NVP- formatted response that you then parse in your web application for the information relevant to the payment. Figure 1-1 shows a basic request an…
In reality, this translates into a lot of book orders, blog searches, and Twitter scans. While more information is becoming available on the Internet and more and more books are being published, even on topics that are relatively new, one aspect that continues to inhibit us is the inability to find concise technology overview books. We are usually faced with two options: read several 500+…
In this part you will hear the explanation what does it mean the object oriented programming, then we shall exploit the fact that the used development environment enables working in an interactive mode in which the user becomes one of the program objects and can communicate with other objects. In this mode I will show you the most important rules of cooperation with individual objects that crea…
Yujiro Hayami and Vernon Ruttan worked well together; they did so because they had a profound respect for each other. That respect was the bridge to listening and thinking together in ways that allowed them to build an important theoretical perspective referred to as the “most widely accepted model used today both for understanding agricultural growth processes and as the basis for agricultur…
The purpose of this book is to help you program shared-memory parallel machines without risking your sanity.1 We hope that this book’s design principles will help you avoid at least some parallel-programming pitfalls. That said, you should think of this book as a foundation on which to build, rather than as a completed cathedral. Your mission, if you choose to accept, is to help make further …
This book is based on my experiences of working within, and hands-on building of, innovative teams over the past 20 years. It also draws on the knowledge of executives, consultants and scholars, who have helped me develop and lead high performance innovative teams over those years. It gleans from the successes and indeed the deficiencies in real-world innovation programmes in some of the most c…
XML is a text-based markup language that has taken the programming world by storm. More powerful than HTML yet less demanding than SGML, XML has proven itself to be flexible and resilient. XML is the perfect tool for formatting documents with even the smallest bit of complexity, from Web pages to legal contracts to books. However, XML has also proven itself to be indispensable for organizing an…
The first question we may face is: “Another Calculus book?” We feel that the an- swer is quite simple. As long as students find mathematics and particularly calcu- lus a scary subject, as long as the failure rate in mathematics is higher than in all other subjects, except maybe among students who take it as a major in College and as long as a large majority of the people mistakenly believe …
In medicine, an illness is diagnosed by reading signs and symptoms. One way for the doctor to gain a higher degree of confidence in the diagnosis is to check whether there is a family history of similar conditions. In addition, the doctor can examine people who live in similar conditions yet who are not ill (if available). Such people can help the doctor assess, through comparison to the patien…
This is a book about the experience of art. As the title Aesthetics as Phenomenology suggests, Günter Figal takes a phenomenological approach to aesthetic experience, rendering an account of what unifies it and distinguishes it from other experiences. In taking this approach, he aims to avoid the many pitfalls and dead ends of prior aesthetic theories, which in his view have either failed to …
This book is concerned with signal analysis in its broadest sense. Usually, signals are modeled as functions in suitable spaces such as L2, the space of square integrable functions, or Sobolev spaces. Signals might be given explicitly as, for example, in image analysis or implicitly, as solutions of operator equations. In either case, the problem of interest is to analyze and process these sign…
This book springs from class notes, I developed for a course called Engineer- ing Analysis which I have taught every other fall semester since 1983 at the University of Akron. The course is targeted to students who are beginning graduate study in engineering. The students enrolled are first- and second-year graduate students in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, although I have taught st…
Relativistic quantum field theory was conceived in the late 1920s as a framework unifying the two fundamental theories that revolutionized physics in the twentieth century: Quantum Mechanics and the Special Theory of Relativity. Algebraic Quantum Field Theory (AQFT) is relativistic quantum field theory regarded from a certain perspective, emphasizing localization of observables in space and tim…
The uniqueness of the physiological and behavioral characteristics of human beings is used to facilitate the identification or verification process, and it always results in correct classification. However, the distinctive evidence obtained from an individual does not guarantee a 100% matching be performed to the biometric characteristics corresponding another subject, even after considering al…
In our current understanding, there exist four fundamental interactions in nature: electromagnetism, weak interactions, strong interactions, and gravity. Everyone is familiar with electromagnetism. Weak interactions are involved in the decay of nuclei. Strong interactions keep nuclei together. The rules of quantum mechanics have been applied to elec- tromagnetism, the weak and strong interactio…
The Perl Pocket Reference is a quick reference guide to Larry Wall’s Perl programming language. It contains a concise description of all statements, functions, and variables, and lots of other useful information. The purpose of the Pocket Reference is to aid users of Perl in finding the syntax of specific functions and statements and the meaning of built-in variables. It is not a self-conta…
Unfortunately, people use the term Lean to describe a variety of improvement activities. Process improvement work is often mistakenly called Lean; however, when used correctly, the term Lean refers to a specific set of tools and methods almost exclusively designed to rid the workplace of waste and inefficiency. For those of you who have recognized and been frustrated by the inefficiencies tha…