This report is from a study of the federal government's capacity to recruit highly qualified individuals for the top science and technology (S&T)-related leadership positions in the executive branch. The effort was supported by the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government and by the National Research Council Fund of the Academies—National Academy of Sciences, National Academ…
Over the last few decades project management has moved from its roots in industries such as construction and defense into the main- stream of American business. Many different industries, in particular the service sector, rely heavily on project management as an integral part of a successful strategy. In support of the widening importance of project management, a number of important professiona…
Written more than fifty years ago—in 1883—What Social Classes Owe to Each Other is even more pertinent today than at the time of its first publication. Then the arguments and "movements" for penalizing the thrifty, energetic, and competent by placing upon them more and more of the burdens of the thriftless, lazy and incompetent, were just beginning to make headway in our country, wherein…
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is part of our everyday lives. Whether we purchase a book on Amazon.com, sell a DVD on eBay.com, or click on a sponsored link on Google.com, e-commerce surrounds us. E-commerce also produces a large amount of data: When we click, bid, rate, or pay, our digital “footprints” are recorded and stored. Yet, despite this abundance of available data, the field of …
The role of financial executives in any business has expanded signiicantly in recent years as companies become more accountable to their stake- holders and regulators. Combine this increase in accountability with the increasing sophistication of technology, risk management, financial analysis, and financial records processing, and we see that the responsibilities of financial executives in any …
Healthcare appears to be a world of Evidence-Based Medicine and rational decisions. Seldom available, sufficient or relevant in view of human needs, scientific evidence do not address priorities when resources are more than ever globally insufficient to an increasingly voracious system. Literature shows than evidence are not sufficient while a wide range of “stakeholders” vie to influ…
Provenance information provides a useful basis to verify whether a particular application behavior has been adhered to. This is particularly useful to evaluate the basis for a particular outcome, as a result of a process, and to verify if the process involved in making the decision con- forms to some predefined set of rules. This is significant in a healthcare scenario, where it is necessary …
It is a curious circumstance that an invention, which is hailed as being one of the greatest achievements ever recorded in the march of civilisation, should be devoted essentially to the maiming of humanity and the destruction of property. In no other trend of human endeavour is this factor so potently demonstrated as in connection with Man's Conquest of the Air. The dogged struggle against th…
Health care waste management (HCWM) has been described as “a process to help ensure proper hospital hygiene and the safety of health care workers and communities. It includes planning and procurement, construction, staff training and behavior, proper use of tools, machines and pharmaceuticals, proper disposal methods inside and outside the hospital, and evaluation.”1 Health care waste manag…
We show that it is possible to identify individual personality traits and measure group performance in a Post- anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) using wearable sensors. We instrumented a group of 67 nurses working in the PACU of a Boston area hospital with sociometric badges capable of measuring physical activity, speech activity, face-to-face interaction, and physical proximity. Using the data colle…
Some volunteer surgeons may be interested in providing care for civilian victims of war in developing countries. More commonly, volunteers will be increasingly confronted with nonintentional acute and chronic trauma cases, mostly from road traffic accidents. On rare occasions, they might even participate in the relief and reconstruction efforts after natural disasters. There are significant dif…
Tuberculosis remains a major source of morbidity and mortality world- wide, and orthopaedic surgeons working in developing nations, especially in South East Asia, are likely to encounter patients with osteoarticular manifestations of the disease. Chemotherapy is effective, and surgery serves as an adjunct for specific indications. Tuberculous osteomyelitis is the least common presentation, and …
With the exception of fractures involving the distal humerus, almost all fractures of the upper extremity can be successfully treated by noninvasive methods. The surgeon treating upper extremity fractures in children in areas of developing nations where the medical and surgical resources are limited should have a good knowledge of the nonoperative techniques available. He or she should also be …
In developing countries, chronic osteomyelitis often results from untreated acute hematogenous osteomyelitis but may also be seen as sequelae of trauma (war injuries). This condition is characterized by areas of devitalized bone/soft tissue (sequestra), which serve as a nidus for recurrent episodes of infection. The periosteal response (involucrum) serves to restore structural integrity, and pa…
The disposal of wastes originating from health-care establishments (public and private) can have an effect on human health and well-being, the environment (air, water, soil, animals, plants, landscape) and issues relating to public security and order. 2. Nevertheless, experience has proven that wastes originating from health-care establishments, when properly managed, generally pose no greater…
Currently, the term Case Management has varied meanings within the context of its use by multiple professions. Consequently, these variations and the lack of nationally supported standards create inconsistent understandings related to Social Workers practicing Case Management. The result is the inconsistent application of Social Work in Healthcare Case Management. Case Management Social …
Revenue cycle management — all clinical and administrative activities related to generating and collecting patient revenue — has gained in importance in today’s business environment, in which hospitals are confronted with stricter regulations and billing requirements, underpayments, and greater delays in payments. Despite the continued interest of practitioners, revenue cycle mana…
The British Columbia Ministry of Health has actively supported self-management for chronic health conditions since 2002. This support has been primarily directed to the delivery of evidence-based self- management programs for persons with chronic health conditions and training in self-management support strategies for health professionals. British Columbia’s “Patients as Partners” initia…