Before we start learning Scala, let's first understand what functional programming (FP) is. You may have used a spreadsheet while working. In a spreadsheet, there is a bunch of equations and we enter values in the given cells for these equations. We get the answers through these equations. When you enter the same values again, you get the same answer and there are no fallouts. At the core of FP…
Scala was born from the mind of Martin Odersky, a man who had helped introduce generarics into the Java programming language.
Python is a powerful programming language when considering portability, flexibility, syntax, style, and extendability. The language was written by Guido van Rossum with clean syntax built in. To define a function or initiate a loop, indentation is used insteadofbrackets.Theresultisprofound:aPythonprogrammercanlookatanygiven uncommented Python code and quickly understand its inner workings and…
People learn spoken languages for different reasons. Y o u learned your first language to live. It gave you the tools to get through your everyday life. If you learned a second language, the reasons could be very differ- ent. Sometimes, you might have to learn a second language to further your career or adapt to a changing environment. But sometimes you decide to conquer a new language not bec…
the Shell iS the Standard interface to every Unix and Linux system; users and administrators alike have experience with the shell, and combining commands into shell scripts is a natural pro- gression. However, that is only the tip of the iceberg. The shell is actually a full programming language, with variables and functions, and also more advanced structures such as arrays (including associati…
Sometimes all one wants is a good example. That’s our motivation for accepting the baton from Joe Sack and revising his excellent work to cover the very latest edition of Microsoft’s database engine—SQL Server 2012. T-SQL is fundamental to working with SQL Server. Almost everything you do, from querying a table to creating indexes to backing up and recovering, ultimately comes down to T-S…
Programming languages do one very simple thing: they allow you to write programs that tell the computer what to do. You can tell a computer to read a value from the keyboard, add two numbers, save a result in a file on the hard disk, or draw a smiley face on the screen. No matter what programming language you use, the underlying commands that the computer can execute are exactly the same. Wheth…
As its main theme, the book presents qualitative research from a practical perspective. Such a view reveals insights into how qualitative research is done, at the ground level. The approach should be especially useful if in fact you are actually wanting to conduct a qualitative study—whether it is to be self-standing, part of a larger study, or an academic or training assignment for an underg…
Swift is an exciting new language from Apple, first announced at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in June 2014. The language started life as the brainchild of Chris Lattner, director of Apple’s Developer Tools Department, and is the next step in the evolution of Apple’s software development ecosystem. Swift brings with it many modern language features, including type safety,…
This book is about Tcl, the scripting language developed by John Ousterhout. Tcl stands for tool command language and was originally designed as a simple scripting language interpreter that could be embedded inside applications written in the C language. With the addition of the Tk graphical toolkit and a host of other language extensions supporting such features as graphics, relational databas…
One of the simplest and natural types of information representation is by means of written texts. Data to be processed often does not decompose into independent records. This type of data is characterized by the fact that it can be written down as a long sequence of characters. Such linear sequence is called a text. The texts are central in "word processing" systems, which provide facilities fo…
This volume, Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation, is a Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The report is a collaborative effort of Working Group I (WGI) and Working Group II (WGII). The IPCC leadership team for this report also has responsibility for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), scheduled for c…
This volume, Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation, is a Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The report is a collaborative effort of Working Group I (WGI) and Working Group II (WGII). The IPCC leadership team for this report also has responsibility for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), scheduled for c…
Since its early ARPANET inception during the Cold War, the Internet has grown by a staggering nine orders of magnitude. Today, the Internet and the World Wide Web pervade our lives, having fundamentally altered the way we seek, exchange, distribute, and process information. The Internet has become a powerful social force, transforming communication, entertainment, commerce, politics, medicine, …
Let’s get familiar with dRuby. dRuby stands for “distributed Ruby.” It’s one of the standard libraries that comes with the Ruby core code, and you can use it to write distributed programming apps without the hassle of installing and configuring additional components. In this chapter (because it’s an unwritten rule), we’ll start with “Hello, World” and then create a small reminde…
This book is an updated and expanded version of Ruby in a Nutshell (O’Reilly) by Yukihiro Matsumoto, who is better known as Matz. It is loosely modeled after the classic The C Programming Language (Prentice Hall) by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, and aims to document the Ruby language comprehensively but without the formality of a language specification. It is written for experienced pro…
In the last decade it has become increasingly clear that the character of the world economy—and the role of the United States in the world economy—is changing. Two characteristics of global economic change are particularly important. First, over the last 35 years there has been substantial relative growth (in pan simply postwar reconstruction) of national economies in Europe and Asia. In th…
Internationalization is an increasingly pervasive force in U.S. manufacturing, creating new sources of competition and new standards for competitiveness. The growing importance of imports and exports in domestic manufacturing and the significant rise in foreign investment in the United States in recent years are the most obvious evidence of internationalization. Less obvious, but more important…