As ActionScript has evolved from a few statements in Flash to a full-fledged Internet programming language in the latest release of Flash and Flex, we have the ability to implement sophisticated designs developed for languages using object-oriented programming (OOP). ActionScript 3.0 heralds a new era in Flash and Flexprogramming because it implements the ECMAScript standard for Internet la…
Bell (1966) discusses marketing’s debt to systems theory, in particular to cybernetics, ‘the science of control and communication in the animal and in the machine’, first developed by Norbert Wiener. This focuses attention on marketing as part of a social system. Generally, the approach used in this text is managerialist, focused on the perspective of the firm rather than that of the …
Economists have, in some sense, always known that growth is important. Yet, at the core of the discipline, the study of economic growth languished after the late 1960s. Then, after a lapse of two decades, this research became vigorous again in the late 1980s. The new research began with models of the determination of long-run growth, an area that is now called endogenous growth theory. Othe…
Conventional wisdom suggests that the European debt crisis, which has thus far led to severe adjustment programs crafted by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund in both Greece and Ireland, was caused by fiscal profligacy on the part of peripheral, or noncore, countries in combination with a welfare state model, and that the role of the common currency—the euro—was at b…
Information Assurance (IA) is the confidence that information assets will protect the information they handle and will function as they need to, when they need to, under the control of legitimate users.
In this essay, we investigate the dominant position of economics within the network of the social sciences in the United States. We begin by documenting the relative insularity of economics, using bibliometric data. Next we analyze the tight management of the field from the top down, which gives economics its characteristic hierarchical structure. Economists also distinguish themselves from…
Communication is a two way interactive process and its importance can be found in our professional as well as in our daily personal lives. We have intentionally taken a holistic approach in this module. It focuses on the person you are, of which your role as a teacher is a facet. Without taking the whole persona into consideration, it may not be possible to achieve the objective of improvin…
This report sets out the results of a small-scale research project commissioned by Acas examining the implications of social networking and mobile information and communications technologies (ICT) for employment relations. Social networking involves use of an online platform or website that enables people to communicate, usually for a social purpose, through a variety of services, most of which…
Communication and Human Rights is a collection drawn from the conference of the International Association of Media and Communication Research (iamcr) held in Mexico City at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México in July 2009
Occupational health and safety (OHS) management protects the safety, health, and welfare of people at the workplace. In 1950, the first session of the joint International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Committee on Occupational Health adopted a definition of occupational health. The definition was subsequently revised in 1995 and states:
Managing investment risk in defined benefit pension funds This paper inquires into the forces that drive the practice of risk management at defined benefit (DB) pension funds in Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom and the United States in the aftermath of the perfect pension storm. First, pension funds‘ risk management is grounded in the context of the development of modern risk manageme…
EMIS design in Ghana is an example of best practice for decentralised planning and budgeting, supporting reforms at various levels but challenges remain for successful implementation, notably in commitment, capacity development and dissemination. EMIS plays an important role in policy formulation, operational planning and subsequent monitoring of targets through periodic review although sta…
In present era of information technology where information is not considered as base for competitive advantage but it is considered as competitive necessity, role of information in decision making become more vital. In this article author discuss about the introduction, nature and types of information in organizations. How information requirements in organizations could be determined analy…