At the request of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Academies, through its National Research Council (NRC), has since 1959 annually assembled panels of experts from academia, industry, medicine, and other scientific and engineering environments to assess the quality and effectiveness of the NIST measurements and standards laboratories, of which there are no…
The aim of this paper is to introduce a strategic management concept that is focused on environmental consciousness. First, starting from the concept of environmental consciousness and its interpretation at a corporate level, it determines the external and internal factors of companies’ strategic positioning. In the next step, it summarizes the possibilities of formulating strategic alternati…
We introduce a strategic management perspective into the ambidexterity discussion and show that ambidexterity is a much better predictor of organizational performance than traditional strategic management concepts, specifically the concept of fit. Our main contribution lies in the combination of ambidexterity- and strategic management research where we highlight commonalities as well as dif…
You become an expert in data security not by accepting the status quo, but by probing the vulnerabilities and asking awkward questions. This book gives people the knowledge to ask the right questions (and probably the courage, as well). It also helps them to question the answers they’re given. If you’re new to Internet security, start with this book. If you’re an old hand, you probably al…
A chip seal consists of a layer of asphalt binder that is overlaid by a layer of embedded aggre- gate that furnishes, among other things, protection to the asphalt layer from tire damage and a macrotexture that creates a skid-resistant surface on which vehicles may safely pass. A chip seal’s main purpose is to seal the fine cracks in a pavement’s surface and prevent water intru- sion into …
Asset management and performance measurement are topics of strong interest in the transporta- tion community today. NCHRP Project 20-60 looks to the strengths of both of these concepts in con- sidering what performance measures are best to apply within an asset management context. In doing this the study considers implications of several relevant trends now influencing U.S. trans- portation in…
ince its creation more than 200 years ago, the U.S. patent system has played an important role in stimulating technological innovation by providing legal protection to inventions of every description and by disseminating useful technical information about them. With the growing importance of technology to the nation’s well-being, patents are playing an even more prominent role in the economy.…
Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism, a report released by the National Academies in June 2002,1 articulated the role of science and technology in countering terrorism. That report included material on the specific role of information tech- nology (IT). Building on that report as a point of departure, the panel of experts responsible for the IT ma…
eflecting their broad interest in the health of America’s research enterprise, the National Academies launched a study in early 2000 on the implications of information technology for the future of the nation’s research university—a social institution of great importance to our economic strength, national security, and quality of life. The premise of this study was a simple one. Although t…
Handheld computers or personal digital assistants (PDAs) were launched in the marketplace in 1996. Within 18 months, these handheld devices had swept through the business community and virtually trans- formed the way people took notes and kept professional and personal cal- endars. Today, PDAs can connect to the Internet and provide a variety of services, from scouting out restaurants in the vi…
Computing technology is widely touted as fast moving. Generations of products and their underlying electronics are introduced at intervals of 18 to 24 months, and the number and variety of computer- and communications-based goods and services are growing. Technology and industry experts believe that the double-digit rates of improvement experienced in the last couple of decades can be sustain…
As we approach the start of a new century, it is apparent that science and technology (S&T) will continue to play a pivotal role in modern life. Skilled workers will be needed at all levels. Many of these workers will be drawn from the pool of students presently passing through school systems around the world; the remainder represent workers already employed who will need to maintain their tech…
The age of maturity in any science is ma rked by epistemological debates. This paper focuses on the controversy surrounding the use of math ematics in economics. The role of language, tools and appropriateness of methods is discussed within the borders set by empirical and rational approaches. An odyssey through schools of thought unveils creative oppositions, from naive neo-cla…
This workbook is designed to be used in conjunction with the author’s free online video tutorials. Inside this workbook each chapter is divided into learning modules (subsections), each having its own dedicated video tutorial. View the online video via the hyperlink located at the top of the page of each learning module, with workbook and paper or tablet at the ready. Or click on the Introdu…