“When deploying and administering large infrastructures, it is still common to think in terms of individual machines rather than view an entire infrastructure as a combined whole. This standard practice creates many problems, including labor-intensive admin- istration, high cost of ownership, and limited generally available knowledge or code usa- ble for administering large infrastructures.â€â€¦
After decades of outstanding contributions to the nation’s naval capability, the U.S. shipbuilding industry is in crisis. During the 1980s, at the behest of the Reagan administration, U.S. shipbuilders turned to constructing many new naval vessels. Following these achievements and with the ensuing defense builddown, U.S. shipbuilders lost significant parts of their business and work force, ha…
The bursting of the dot-com bubble in 2001 coincided with an abrupt and so far lasting change in the development of entrepreneurial venture-backed firms in the United States. Previously, entrepreneurs and investors commonly took viable young firms public through initial public offerings (IPOs). In some well-known cases, these firms subsequently grew into major, globally competitive corporatio…
Our experience of health and illness is shaped by our personal background, social networks, cultural context, and community affiliations. We undertook this edited volume because we believe communication processes are a link between personal, social, cultural, and institutional factors and various fac- ets of health and illness. For example, social networks and the social support they can prov…
Technology and it’s take up and use by individuals and business has transformed how we run our lives and our businesses over the past sixty years. That rate of change is accelerating as we find new uses for ever more capable technologies which can be applied to more areas of our lives than imagined even ten years ago. Today we are learning and being trained to be capable members of the workfo…
Disasters can hamper economic growth, affect poverty levels and cause human suffering. Without significant action, the extent and impact of economic and social damage associated with disasters will get worse over the next 20 years, largely as a result of growing exposure of people and assets. This has the potential to reverse development progress in hard-hit areas. Including measures to pro…
Computer systems are coming of age. As computer systems become more prevalent, sophisticated, embedded in physical processes, and interconnected, society becomes more vulnerable to poor system design, accidents that disable systems, and attacks on computer systems. Without more responsible design and use, system disruptions will increase, with harmful consequences for society. They will also re…
In present era of information technology where information is not considered as base for competitive advantage but it is considered as competitive necessity, role of information in decision making become more vital. In this article author discuss about the introduction, nature and types of information in organizations. How information requirements in organizations could be determined analy…
It is the purpose of this volume to trace the influence of our constitutional system upon the political conditions which exist in this country to-day. This phase of our political problems has not received adequate recognition at the hands of writers on American politics. Very often indeed it has been entirely ignored, although in the short period which has elapsed since our Constitution was fra…
Preface This volume represents the summed efforts of many dedicated individuals. As a representative of the Subcommittee, 1 would like to acknowledge the kind assistance rendered by some of them. Mr. Sheldon Novick, Miss Mary Wayne, and Mr. Lin Mattison edited the report, and offered valuable advice. Mrs. Kathleen Berman, Mrs. Joan Pintchuk, and Miss Robyn Knefel helped type the prepublica…
nformation and communication technologies, combined with smartphone applications and location data from global positioning systems, are making feasible transportation services that have long been imagined but never realized on a large scale. These innovations include carsharing; bikesharing; microtransit services; and, most notably, transportation network companies (TNCs) such as Uber and Lyft.…
Health services research (HSR) exemplifies some of the greatest hopes and greatest fears for collecting and analyzing computerized personal health information. Information routinely collected in the course of providing and paying for health care can be used by researchers to investigate the relative effectiveness of alternative clinical interventions, of alternative methods of organizing, deliv…
Historically, coastal development in the United States was dominated by major urban regions oriented to commercial ports and defense installations. Elsewhere, coastal settlements were typically quiet fishing villages, vacation refuges, and older seaside resorts gradually evolving into year-round communities. Since the advent of the Interstate Highway System in the 1960s, increasing demand for c…
For-Profit Enterprise in Health Care was stimulated by concerns among members of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and others that health services—already heavily dependent on monetary transactions through prepayment and insurance—will become excessively commercialized, with growing ownership by stockholders. The issues closely associated with these concerns are examined in depth in this repo…
This report is the second in a series of three annual assessments of project management at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The first annual report assessed progress through mid-2001 (NRC, 2001b), and this report continues the assessment through October 2002. The assessments are being made by the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Committee for Oversight and Assessment of U.S. Departm…